There have been impressive gains in the fight against malaria since 2000, with incidence dropping nearly 30 percent globally and mortality falling by 47 percent, according to recent World Health Organization estimates. Evidence is scant, however, when it comes to understanding the broader impact of these gains on health systems in lower middle-income countries. In particular, as malaria incidence declines, to what extent are hospital beds, medical supplies, and other resources freed up to treat other diseases?